一、某些金属:Al、Zn
2Al+3H2SO4=Al2(SO4)3+3H2↑
2Al+2NaOH+2H2O=2NaAlO2+3H2↑ (与强碱溶液)
Zn+2HCl=ZnCl2+H2↑
Zn+2NaOH=Na2ZnO2+H2↑ (与强碱溶液)
二、某些非金属:Si、S
Si+3HCl(干燥)=SiHCl3+H2↑
Si+2NaOH+H2O=Na2SiO3+2H2↑
S+6HNO3(浓)=H2SO4+6NO2↑+2H2O
3S+6KOH=2K2S+K2SO3+3H2O
三、两性氧化物:Al2O3、ZnO
Al2O3+6HCl=2AlCl3+3H2O
Al2O3+2NaOH=2NaAlO2+H2O
ZnO+H2SO4=ZnSO4+H2O
ZnO+2NaOH=Na2ZnO2+H2O
四、两性氢氧化物:Al(OH)3、Zn(OH)2
Al(OH)3+3HCl=AlCl3+3H2O
Al(OH)3+NaOH=NaAlO2+3H2O
Zn(OH)2+H2SO4=ZnSO4+2H2O
Zn(OH)2+2NaOH=Na2ZnO2+2H2O
五、弱酸的铵盐:(NH4)2S、(NH4)2CO3、CH3COONH4
(NH4)2S+2HCl=2NH4Cl+H2S↑
(NH4)2S+2NaOH=Na2S+2NH3↑+2H2O
六、弱酸的酸式盐:NaHCO3、NaHS、K2HPO4
NaHS+HCl=NaCl+H2S↑
NaHS+NaOH=Na2S+H2O
七、还原性酸:H2S、HI
H2S+2HNO3(稀)=2S↓+2NO2↑+2H2O (与氧化性酸)
H2S+2NaOH=Na2S+H2O
八、强氧化性酸:浓H2SO4、HNO3
H2SO4(浓)+2HI=I2+SO2↑+2H2O
(与还原性酸)
H2SO4+2NaOH=Na2SO4+2H2O