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不定式to的六种用法

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不定式to的六种用法

    动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式,其结构为“to+动词原形”,其中to是其符号,它没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。 具体用法如下:        1、用于动词、名词(代词)或形容词后,使意思完整       

例如: we all tried to leave.(to在动词tried之后)        我们都试图离开。     

It was starting to rain.(to在动名词starting之后)        开始下雨了。        Are you ready to start.(to在形容词ready之后)        你准备好开始了吗       Have you got permission to stay here?(to在名词permission之后)        

The teacher asked them to leave.(to在代词them之后)        老师要求他们离开。

2、代替不定式单独使用,以避免重复使用同一个动词。       

例如: You can play basketball now if you want to(=if you want to play basketball).       

I could have helped,but nobody asked me to(=nobody asked me to help.      3、to用于who,how,what,where或whether之后,表示某人某个不确定的行为。

例如: I know where to go but I don't know how to get there.        我知道去什么地方,但我不知道怎样去。       

She wonders whether or not to trust him.        她不知道该不该信任他。        4、表示目的和用途        

例如:They left early to catch the 5:30 train.        他们早早动身去赶5:30的火车。       

5、用于描述某种行为或状态       

例如: It's nice to be wanted.       

6、用于be动词之后,表示下指令或说明未来的安排。       

例如: You are to wait here until I return.        你要在这儿等到我回来。

动词不定式的结构:

肯定:to+动词原型

否定:not to+动词原型

注意:动词不定式可以有时态和语态的变化哦~

1)作主语 一般用it作形式主语,放句子开头。 自己呆在谓语的后面。

如:It's right to give up smoking.

( is right 系表结构做谓语,it为形式主语)

2)作宾语

a: I decided to do my homework on my own.

主语:I

谓语:decided(一般过去时)

宾语:不定式 to do my homework

状语:on my own

b: 如果带有宾语补足语,往往用it做形式宾语,不定式短语放在宾语补足语后。

I find it interesting to study English.

主语:I

谓语:find

宾语:it做形式宾语

宾语补足语:interesting

真正的宾语:不定式to study English

(decide,plan,desire,expect,hope,wish,pretend,promise,refuse,afford,agree,ask,fail,tend,manage等动词只能用不定式做宾语)

如:Promise not to tell anyone!

He promised to forward my mail.

We desire to live in such a big house.

3)做宾语补足语

She asked me to fix the sink.

主语:She

谓语:asked(一般过去时)

宾语:me

宾语补足语:不定式 to fix the sink

注意:如果谓语动词是 feel,hear,notice,observe,see,watch,have,let,make等词,不定式不带to,但如果以上的谓语动词为被动语态,就必须带to。

如:I often hear him sing in the classroom. 主动语态

He is often heard to sing in the classroom. 被动语态

注意:如果 1)不定式前有but,并且有实义动词do的各种形式时,不定式不带to。

2)can't choose but+动词原型

只能做。。。

can't help but+动词原型

忍不住做

如:They can't help but burst into laughter.

4)做定语

1、如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,或者不定式做定语修饰的名词或代词是不定式的动作地点,工具等,不定式后要有相应的介词。

如He is looking for a room to live in.

时态:现在进行时 be doing 结构

主语:he

谓语:look for 动词短语做谓语

宾语:a room

定语:这里不定式to live in,修饰宾语 room。

因为live在这里为不及物动词,所以不要遗漏介词in哦~

2、由only,first,last,next以及序数词,形容词最高级修饰的名词和单词后

常用不定式做后置定语。

Who was the first one to solve the problem?

5)做状语

表示原因:We were very excited to hear the news.

表示结果:He hurried to the school to find nobody there.

表示条件:To cooperate with him,you would(比will委婉) like him.

=If you cooperate with him,you will like him.(if引导的条件状语从句,主将从现)

表示目的:I came here to see you.

目的状语还可以用 in order to,so as to(不放句首)表达。

6)做表语

My job is to help the patient.

7)与疑问词连用,如how to,what to等。。在句中起名词作用。

与why/why not连用时,不带to。

How to solve the problem is very important.

He didn't know what to say.

Why not have a rest

动词不定式的时态

一般时:

不定式的动作,和主要谓语动词表示的动作(几乎)同时或在之后发生。

主动:to do

如:I’m glad to see you.

被动:to be done

如:The house needs to be repaired.

进行时:不定式的动作正在发生。

如:I’m glad to be talking with you.

I happened to be walking in the forest when a hunter shot me in the leg.

完成时:动作发生在主要谓语动作或某个特定时间之前

主动:to have done

如:I intended to have telephoned you,but I forgot to.

I am sorry to have killed so many animals.

被动:to have been done

如:These books are said to have been given to students.

不定式的主动形式可以表被动,强调“人的行为”。

1、主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+to do

She has a meeting to attend. 强调她参加会议。

2、主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语+to do

I’ll give her some books to read.

3、 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾补+to do

I found the fellow hard to get along with.

4、 特殊疑问词+to do

The question is what to do next.

5、 There be 句型,强调“人去做某件事”

There is a lot of work to do.

6、 It/This/That is +a/an +adj. +名词+to do

This is a hard question to answer.

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